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   Dr. Daniel Shapiro

 

Executive Director

Chief Financial Officer

 

Institute for the Study of Learning

   and Expertise (ISLE)

 

            dgs at isle.org

 

 


Research

Publications

Professional Service

Teaching

CV

For Fun


Education

Ph.D., M.S., Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University

S.M., EE&CS, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

A.B. Chemistry, UC Santa Cruz

 

Recent Activities

 

The Icarus Architecture embodies a general theory of cognition.  I have been developing it continuously since the late 1990s.

 

Value Driven Design is a systems engineering methodology that promises to radically improve the quality and greatly reduce the production costs of large-scale complex systems (such as aircraft and spacecraft).  I have been pursuing a simulation-based investigation that incorporates organizational models, and value driven decision-making agents.

 

The DARPA Transfer Learning project developed technology that acquired knowledge in one domain and applied it to improve performance in another.  I directed this multi-university, $8.3M basic research effort.

 

The Innovative Applications of AI conference promotes the transition of AI technology into practice.  I chaired IAAI-11 and co-chaired IAAI-10.

 

Over the last four years I have edited five special issues of AI Magazine, as a means of building research communities around new and innovative work.

 

Research

My research surrounds advanced autonomy and general theories of cognition. I work on cognitive architectures for intelligent agents, the technologies underlying those architectures, and on applications of intelligent artifacts. I am a principle author of the Icarus architecture, which is a framework for constructing agents that pursue complex tasks in dynamic environments.   I am interested in research on agent motivation, and in establishing trust between artificial agents and their human users.   I work with a variety of tools and technologies that enable intelligent agents, e.g., explanation based learning, reinforcement learning, logical inference, reactive programming, decision theory, and operations research, as well as on a variety of tasks that employ intelligent artifacts, such as transfer learning, problem solving, and human-machine spoken dialogue.

 

I am the president of Applied Reactivity, Inc., a company I formed to take my work on value driven agents out of academia and into application.  I have been a Senior Researcher at the Stanford University Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), and am currently an affiliate of its Computational Learning Laboratory (CLL). 

 

Publications

Complete list

 

Dissertation

Shapiro, D., Value-driven agents, Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, Department of Management Science and Engineering. (2001). [Abstract | Full Text]

 

Books and Journals, edited

Shapiro, D. and Fromherz, M. (eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on the 2011 Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference.   AAAI Press (to appear).

Shapiro, D., Muñoz-Avila, H., and Stracuzzi, D. (eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on Structured Knowledge Transfer, Spring 2011.  AAAI Press.

·       Shapiro, D., Muñoz-Avila, H., and Stracuzzi, D. (eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on Structured Knowledge Transfer, Part 2.  Summer 2011.  AAAI Press.

·       Rychtyckyj, N., and Shapiro, D. (eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on the 2010 Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference.  AAAI Press.  Summer 2011.

·       Shapiro, D., and Göker, M. (eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on Advancing AI Research and Applications by Learning from What Went Wrong and Why.  AAAI Press, Summer 2008.

·       Ramos, C., Augusto, J., and Shapiro, D. (eds.). IEEE Intelligent Systems Special Issue on Ambient Intelligence, Vol. 23, No. 2.  Mar./Apr. 2008.

·       Remagnino, P., and Shapiro, D. (eds.), Computational Intelligence: Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence Methods for Ambient Intelligence Volume 23 Issue 4, November 2007.

·       Augusto, J., and Shapiro, D. (eds.), Advances in Ambient Intelligence. (2007). IOS press.  ISBN 978-1-58603-800-7

 

Some recent papers:

Shapiro, D.  The Social Agency Problem. (2011) Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Fall Symposium Workshop on Advances in Cognitive Systems.

·       Stracuzzi, D., Fern, A., Ali, K., Hess, R., Pinto, J., Li, N., Könik, T., and Shapiro, D.  Transfer of Learning in American Football: From Observation of Raw Video to Control in a Simulated Environment.  AI Magazine Special Issue on Structured Knowledge Transfer, Part 2. Summer 2011.

·       Könik, K., Ali, K., Shapiro, D., Li, N., and Stracuzzi, D. Improving Structural Knowledge Transfer with Parametric Adaptation (2010). The 23rd Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-23), Daytona Beach, Florida.

·       Könik, T., O’Rorke, P., and Shapiro, D.  Skill Transfer through Goal-Driven Representation Mapping. Cognitive Systems Research, Special Issue on Analogies - Integrating Cognitive Abilities, Vol. 10, No. 3, September 2009. PDF

·       Li, N., Stracuzzi, D., Cleveland, G., Könik, T., Nejati, N., Shapiro, D., Molineaux, M., and Aha, D. (2009). Constructing Game Agents from Video of Human Behavior, Proceedings of the Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), Stanford, CA. PDF

·       Ali, K., Leung, K., Könik, K., Choi, D., and Shapiro, D. (2009).  Knowledge-Directed Theory Revision, Nineteenth International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming, Leuven, Belgium.

·       Shapiro, D., Könik, K., and O’Rorke, P. (2008). Achieving Far Transfer in an Integrated Cognitive Architecture, Proceedings of the Twenty-third Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Chicago, IL. PDF

·       Billman,D.,  Shapiro, D., & Cummings, K. (2005) Processes in Diagnostic Reasoning: Information Use in Causal Explanations. In Program of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.  pp. 262-267, Erlbaum:  Hillsdale, NJ.  PDF

·       Shapiro, D., & Collopy, P. (2004). Communicating values to autonomous agents. Stanford Spring Symposium on Interaction between Humans and Autonomous Systems over Extended Operation. PDF

·       Ichise, R., Shapiro, D., Langley, P. (2004). Structured program induction from behavioral traces, IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, Vol. J87-D-1, No. 6, pp. 730-740 (in Japanese). The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.

·       Langley, P., Cummings, K., & Shapiro, D. (2004). Hierarchical skills and cognitive architectures. Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Chicago, IL.  PDF

·       Choi, D., Kaufman, M., Langley, P., Nejati, N., & Shapiro, D. (2004). An architecture for persistent reactive behavior. Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems. New York: ACM Press. PDF

·       Langley, P., Shapiro, D., Aycinena, M., & Siliski, M. (2003). A value-driven architecture for intelligent behavior. Proceedings of the IJCAI-2003 Workshop on Cognitive Modeling of Agents and Multi-Agent Interactions. Acapulco, Mexico. PDF

·       Shapiro, D., & Gervasio, M. (2003). Adaptive interfaces for value driven agents. Stanford Spring Symposium on Human Interaction with Autonomous Systems in Complex Environments. PDF

·       Shapiro, D., & Langley, P. (2002). Separating skills from preference: using learning to program by reward. Nineteenth International Conference on Machine Learning. PDF

·       Bay, S., Shapiro, D., & Langley, P. (2002). Revising engineering models: combining computational discovery with knowledge. European Conference on Machine Learning. PDF

·       Ichise, R., Shapiro, D., & Langley, P. (2002). Learning hierarchical skills from observation. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Discovery Science. PDF

·       Shapiro, D., & Shachter, R. (2002). User-agent value alignment. Stanford Spring Symposium, Workshop on Safe Learning Agents. Stanford University, Stanford, CA. PDF

·       Shapiro, D., Langley, P., & Shachter, R. (2001).  Using background knowledge to speed reinforcement learning, Fifth International Conference on Autonomous Agents. PDF

 

Professional Service

Chair, Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2011

·       Co-Chair, Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2010

·       Program Committee, Advances in Cognitive Systems.  AAAI Fall Symposium, 2011.

·       Editorial board, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments (JAISE)

·       Editorial board, Journal of Interesting Negative Results in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning (JINR)

·       Program Committee, Goal Directed Autonomy Workshop, AAAI 2010

·       Program Committee, 5th Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence (AITAmI’10), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

·       Program Committee, IAAI-08, IAAI-09

·       Program Committee, 4th Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence, Barcelona, Spain, 2009

·       Co-chair, 3rd Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence, European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Patras, Greece, 2008

·       Co-chair, 2nd Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Hyderabad, India, 2007

·       Co-chair, Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence workshop, European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2006.

·       Chair, What Went Wrong and Why:Lessons from AI Research and Applications workshop, AAAI Stanford Spring Symposium, 2006

·       Chair, Persistent Assistants: Living and Working with AI, AAAI Stanford Spring Symposium, 2005

·       Symposium on Learning and Motivation in Cognitive Architectures, CSLI, Stanford University, 3/22-3/23, 2003. Co-organizer with Pat Langley and John Laird.

·       Co-chair, Safe Learning Agents workshop, AAAI Stanford Spring Symposium, 2002.

·       Program Committee, International Conference on Machine Learning, 2002.

 

Teaching

I occasionally teach a class on Cognitive Architectures through the Stanford Symbolics Systems Program, which surveys the field of cognitive architectures and provides students with a hands-on experience using such systems.  I developed a three quarter series on Artificial Intelligence through the Management Science and Engineering department at Stanford, and a course on decision theory in public policy through the Public Administration Department at California State College in Hayward.  I have taught Lisp programming, computer architecture, and software engineering.  Many years ago, I organized an interdisciplinary study group that supplied the technical background for a science fiction book; Flight of the Dragonfly, by Bob Forward (Timescape, 1984).

 

For Fun

My pet pumpkins I grow giant vegetables for competitions and for fun.

·       Our wedding cake and the MacShapiro Tartan It is a long story.  You will have to ask.

·       Glass Blowing

·       Scottish country dance

·       Knee falls and toe dancing

·       With my Tuvan throat-singing instructor in Mongolia